September 30, 2004

Morphine-free Poppy and Morphine-producing Humans

Two reports appearing nearly simultaneously: Morphinefree Mutant Poppies: Novel plants make pharmaceutical starter: Science News Online, Sept. 25, 2004 and Endogenous formation of morphine in human cells (Chotima Poeaknapo, Jürgen Schmidt Matthias Brandsch, Birgit Dräger and Meinhart H. Zenk, PNAS, September 28, 2004 vol. 101 no. 39 14091-14096 )

So in Australia they grow poppy that due to a mutation doesn't produce morphine (but instead make useful drug precursors), and in the lab two cancer cell lines produce morphine. It is a upside-down world.

It is interesting to note that the top1 mutant poppy is widely farmed (40% of tasmanian poppy fields), apparently with little environmentalist protests since it is a natural mutant. Another reason may simply be that it has a traditional medical use, which predisposes people to be more positive - pharming often awakes strong emotions by more "cold" medical terminology and links to suspicious high-tech medicine and farming than the "natural" practice of using opium.

I wonder if that logic would be applicable to a treatment that got the body to produce morphine at neurochemically significant levels. Training, meditating and other activities that are said to "increase endorphine levels" (i.e. make us happy) is far more acceptable than taking external drugs despite being phrased as a drug use. But what happens if we actually find a way of meditating us to the same bliss as a heroin addict (or, less radically, just as a cheap painkiller)? In reality it is unlikely that we could reliably reach that level of endogenous pleasure without extremely hard training (otherwise most of us would already be blissed out... but I'm suspicious of some religious people :-) and adding some external stimulus to the cells might be necessary. And then we will likely end up with the same debate as about EPO and growth hormone precursors.

Humans and poppies are different. People accept genetic modifications of poppies because they have a traditional use - much of which has been serious abuse - while we don't accept modifications of human metabolism because it is something new. But change a phrase ("produce your own medicines", "pharming"), and suddenly a practice becomes acceptable or vice versa - it is all about words, semantics and emotion, not really science. Because genetically poppies and humans are surprisingly similar.

I wonder if there are any top1-analogue mutant humans out there and how happy they are.

Posted by Anders at September 30, 2004 09:14 AM
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